How William Shatner Changed the World Free Essays

The narrative â€Å"How William Shatner Changed the World† is about the worldwide impact that the first arrangement of Star Trek had on innovation all through the world. The narrative discussions about the innovation that at present existed when Star Trek initially turned out in 1966 and its correlation with the ‘futuristic’ innovation that was installed the Star Trek transport the ‘Enterprise’. This ‘futuristic’ innovation locally available the venture started an unrest in the world’s innovation and propelled numerous to make innovation like the ones on Star Trek. We will compose a custom article test on How William Shatner Changed the World or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Many film methods are utilized in this narrative not exclusively to make the narrative fascinating, however humourous too. A portion of these film strategies incorporate different camera shots, documented film and montages to give some examples. In the start of the narrative, William Shatner is talking and is driving his vehicle and while he is driving it there are many hop shots between his vehicle and portions of Star Trek. The impact of this gives you knowledge of what the narrative is chiefly about. In this narrative numerous innovators show up in the narrative and discussion about how Star Trek enlivened them to design their innovation e. g. Martin Cooper who was the creator of the phone the shots utilized when every one of them are talking are medium shots that catch their face and upper middle. This emits the inclination that the individuals look close and furthermore with the goal that the camera men can catch them utilizing arm motions. The utilization of recorded film is utilized a great deal all through this narrative demonstrating primarily clasps of Star Trek identifying with the subject that William Shatner is describing about. This makes it simple to show what the ‘futuristic’ innovation Star Trek had at that point so we can see and contrast it with today’s present day innovation that we underestimate. One of the all the more intriguing film methods that was utilized in the narrative was a segue which was utilized when William Shatner approached a goliath rock, at that point an alter was utilized to show documented film of him as a more youthful entertainer in a Star Trek scene battling an outsider, and as an outsider tosses the stone, the current William Shatner returns into view and gets the stone. This utilization of one theme being the stone utilized in two scenes to interface each other is a marginally humourous segue. Other film procedures utilized in this narrative are camera edges where William Shatner intentionally moves the camera all over creation him appear to be somewhat unique from the two points. Altering is likewise utilized all through the narrative a great deal for instance when William Shatner was describing and the camera had arrived, bounce slices are utilized changing to various shots of him like close ups, long shots and crane shots. This altering makes William Shatner’s portrayal all the more fascinating and amusing. â€Å"How William Shatner Changed the World† is a case of an incredible narrative that utilizes its film procedures shrewdly and with great planning, also the narrative has an awesome setting that interests to numerous watchers as a result of its clever silliness. Instructions to refer to How William Shatner Changed the World, Papers

Steps for Strong Time Management for College Students

Steps for Strong Time Management for College Students Inside the initial hardly any long periods of beginning school, numerous understudies rapidly discover that dealing with their time is one of the most testing and troublesome parts of being in school. With such a great amount to do and monitor, solid time the board aptitudes can have a significant effect. Get and Use a Calendar It very well may be a paper schedule. It very well may be your mobile phone. It tends to be a PDA. It very well may be a shot diary. Regardless of what kind it is, however, ensure you have one. Record Everything Record everything in one spot. (Having various schedules just gives you more to do in the midst of an effectively close timetable.) Schedule when you intend to rest, when you will do your clothing, and when youre going to call your folks. The crazier your timetable gets, the more significant this becomes. Calendar Time to Relax Dont neglect to plan for time to unwind and relax. Because your schedule goes from 7:30 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. doesnt mean you can. Continue Trying New Systems In the event that your mobile phone schedule isnt sufficiently large, purchase a paper one. On the off chance that your paper one continues getting torn, attempt a PDA. On the off chance that you have an excessive number of things recorded every day, attempt shading coding to help rearrange. Not very many understudies endure their projects without a calendaring framework; continue attempting until you discover one that works for you. Take into consideration Flexibility Things definitely come up that you werent anticipating. You might not have realized that your flat mates birthday is this week, and you unquestionably dont need to miss the festivals! Leave room in your schedule with the goal that you can move things around a little when required. Plan Ahead Do you have an enormous research paper due the most recent seven day stretch of the semester? Work in reverse in your schedule and make sense of how much time you have to compose it, how much time youll need to inquire about it, and how much time youll need to pick your subject. On the off chance that you think youll need a month and a half for the whole undertaking, work in reverse from the due date and timetable the time into your schedule before its past the point of no return. Plan for the Unexpected Certainly, you could conceivably have the option to pull off two papers and an introduction during midterms week. In any case, what occurs in the event that you get this season's cold virus the night youre expected to pull the dusk 'til dawn affair? Expect the sudden so you dont need to invest progressively spontaneous energy attempting to fix your slip-ups. Calendar Rewards In Your midterms week is a bad dream, however it will all be over Friday by 2:30. Calendar a great evening and a decent supper out with certain companions; your mind will require it, and you can loosen up realizing that youre shouldn't do whatever else.

Malicious Babo of Benito Cereno by Melville Essay -- Benito Cereno

Noxious Babo Benito Cereno is a short novel composed by Melville, with an unexpected closure. At any rate it was a serious shock that Babo, the negro hireling of Cereno, winds up being the one responsible for the boat. Babo battled for his opportunity, which is acceptable, yet Babo went well beyond the methods important to get his opportunity. Alongside that he has significantly more difficult issues with himself. Here are a few different ways to see it. There are two different ways to take a gander at what Babo did. At the point when he was battling for his opportunity he was either battling for his life or for his personal satisfaction. Babo was battling for a reason that is ridiculous after the activities that he submitted. Babo was battling for his personal satisfaction and what Babo did to improve his personal satisfaction was horrendous and with pernicious goal. However, there is consistently another side to a contention so first I will show the way Babo could be viewed as an image of good. These ideas, life versus personal satisfaction and how Babo is viewed as both great and malevolence, I will explain in the passages that follow. Babo could be viewed as a decent pioneer Babo could likewise be viewed as a virtuoso Another great nature of Babo is his will to live Battling for your life is the point at which you are at risk for losing your life. Babo was never at risk for losing his life before he assumed control over Cerenos' boat. Babo didn't care for the circumstance that he was in. So indeed, take care of being a slave however there is no compelling reason to murder anybody. Babo could have stayed on the boat, been sold into subjection and afterward rests his opportunity much like how Fredrick Douglass achieved his. Fredrick Douglass escaped subjection without a solitary life lost. On the off chance that Babo had done what he was advised to do, Babos' head wouldn't be on a stick at the present time. Babo would b... ... to take his boat. Another attribute of Babo is that he is a narrow minded person. He attempts to get what he needs constantly. Babo powers his perspective onto his individual slaves by instructing them. In the event that you set up these characteristics in a single individual you will get something awful. As a matter of fact to be explicit you will get a deceptive, directing liar that rules so that he will get the most close to home increase. All in all, Babos' activities can represent themselves. He took battling for his life over the top, to where he turned into a malevolent, horrifying, savage brute that battled to improve his existence without contemplating the lives of others. He was eager to persevere relentlessly to get what he needed. This included killing and taking his way to the top where he figured no one would have the option to stop him. I think Babo is the place he should be.

Masters Research Proposal Assignment Dissertation

Bosses Research Proposal Assignment - Dissertation Example Some exact research gives proof on the side of such a suspicion (Jenkins, Mitra, Gupta and Shaw, 1998; Brown and Heywood, 2002), others be that as it may, inside the domains of brain science show that motivations can in actuality effectsly affect execution (Deci and Ryan, 1985; Deci, Koestner and Ryan, 1999; Ryan and Deci, 2000; Deci and Ryan 2003). A developing and progressively generous collection of research and studies give proof of contention between inborn inspiration (a person’s own inspiration for undertaking an assignment) and outward inspiration (outside and restrictively forced inspiration for undertaking an errand) (Benabou and Tirole, 2003; Holmstrom and Milgrom, 1991; Kreps 1997). Persuasive scholars consider that for every single thing we do (conduct and activities) there is an essential explanation or cause; at the end of the day it impacts our behaviour’, our decision of conduct and its lastingness, and the measure of exertion put into it (Delmar and Wi klund, 2008). They additionally accept that energy about the causes will empower forecast and in this manner consider effect on those practices or activities (Franken, 2002). Momentum research and speculations have developed and progressed since those of Skinner (1938) who considered execution dependent on inspirations from a conduct perspective, while Maslow (1943; 1954) stretched out his needs chain of command to suit inspiration as far as individuals trying to fulfill needs inside a deliberate request that advances from physiological, to wellbeing, to social, to regard lastly self-completion. His needs chain of command represented the criticalness of fulfilling the requirements of workers if inspiration somehow happened to be prompted and cultivated (Nelson, 2009). Inspirational research today centers predominantly around the assurance of what prods inspiration - what improvement is required to build inspiration - and takes both inherent and extraneous inspiration into thought. C haracteristic inspiration as per Oudeyer and Kaplon (2007) is best comprehended when diverged from extraneous inspiration, which identifies with any movement that is embraced due to some of sort of remuneration or discrete result. Natural inspiration by contrastive definition alludes to exercises that are attempted exclusively for delight with no cost or worth forced on it (Ryan and Deci, 2000). A significant qualification nonetheless, is that natural and outward don't mean equivalent to inside and outside and are not interchangeable. Inner inspirations get inside remunerations, though outer inspiration gets outside remunerations; inborn inspiration and outward inspiration anyway isn't dictated by where the prize originates from however on the kind of remuneration that is given (Oudeyer and Kaplon, 2007). The hypothesis of impetuses has customarily expected that solid or immaterial - cash, influence or ventures (Hoy and Miskel, 1991) rewards given for explicit exercises with the goa l of their re-event will show inspiration and thus yield; to a few, this deciphers as the more cash given by the business the more exertion there will be from the worker (Festre and Garrouste, n.d.). Scientists, for example, Benabou and Tirole (2003) have demonstrated that money related or substantial prizes are not generally the best methods for getting representative exertion; they guarantee that natural motivators can be ‘crowded out’ by extraneous impetuses (p.490). They further clarify how motivating forces dependent on execution can effectsly affect the view of the movement or of a

HOW TO Create Your Own Disposable Chat Room

HOW TO Create Your Own Disposable Chat Room Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!HOW TO: Create Your Own Disposable Chat RoomUpdated On 23/04/2017Author : Aswin Diamondvan .Topic : WebsitesShort URL : http://bit.ly/2oz4zWO CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWe all love to chat with people on-line especially in places like Facebook, Google Talk etc. But some times a need might arise to chat with some one discreetly without revealing your on-line identities, for example you have many followers on Twitter and you need to chat with one or many of them, without revealing your Facebook or GTalk or Skype Identities.This can be done very easily with the help of a disposable chat room. Earlier we saw how to create Disposable Email Addresses, and now our solution to chatting problem is a web site/web app called Chatzy.Shown below is the step by step procedure to use chatzy!Step 1: Go to www.chatzy.com you will get the following page,Step 2: Once you are in the chatzy homepage enter your name and give some random name to your chat room, if required enter the email of the people you want to chat with else skip it and press create chat room, once its done successfully a chat room is generated as shown below.Step 3: Once you are inside your own chat room, copy the URL of the chat room as shown above.Step 4: Share the URL with the person/people with whom you want to chat with.READTranslate Text Into Multiple Languages InstantlyStep 5: When people go to the URL, they are asked to type a nickname for themselves, and once the submit it VIOLA! they are added to the chat room and you can start chatting.Other features of ChatzyMobile browser friendly version is availableYou can delete your chat-rooms once your chats are overYou can clear the chat roomYou can open multiple chat-rooms simultaneouslyThe best part is No registration or signing in or what so ever is required 3 3 3Make the best use of the free resources at your disposal. Do you know any other cool services to create own chat room? Share your information on the comments below. ??This article is written by A.Aswin Vayiravan. He is the founder of Tech Me More and author at axleration. If you wish to write for us, kindly check this.

NSA National Surveillance Agency - Free Essay Example

To know the NSA is not to love the NSA (Zegart). The National Surveillance Agency (NSA) is responsible for protecting us from terrorist attacks. However, while most citizens only see the surface of what it takes to protect us from terrorist attacks, others see it is far deeper than that. The NSA has secrets, fans, critics, and they have your life in their hands (rhetorically speaking). The NSA is useful, but the way they do things is questionable. A few research questions I have are: is the NSA useful to everyone, or just the government, and are the things they do necessary? Timothy Edgar, a former national security agent and the author of the article The Good News About Spying, is a supporter of the NSAs work. He says in his article that though the public thought the NSA wasnt doing their job, Obama was putting everything he could into the spying being changed after Edward Snowden leaked the information about the NSA. In 2013, at Obamas direction, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) established a website for the intelligence community, IC on the Record, where previously secret documents are posted for all to see. These are not decades-old files about Cold War spying, but recent slides used at recent NSA training sessions, accounts of illegal wiretapping after the 9/11 attacks, and what had been highly classified opinions issued by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court about ongoing surveillance programs (Edgar). The NSA apparently has been trying to get better with their spying over time. Obama has made more changes than with just US citizens, such as foreigners living under our roof; these detailed rules he made will go for ALL nationalities. Something interesting about these detailed rules, as Edgar states, These rules, which came out in January 2015, mark the first set of guidelines for intelligence agencies ordered by a U.S. presidentor any world leaderthat explicitly protect foreign citizens personal information in the course of intelligence operations. Being the first world leader to put something in place like that is actually quite impressive. Speaking of foreign, Europeans believe that their government protects their privacy more than the US does with ours. Edgar states, Although Europe has stronger regulations limiting what private companies (such as Google and Facebook) can do with personal data, citizens are granted comparatively little protection against surveillance by government agencies. European human rights law requires no court approval for intelligence surveillance of domestic targets, as U.S. law has since 1978. Sometimes we just overreact and choose not to support something like this because we arent behind it or we just dont acknowledge that it is going on. Which leads me to my next point. To know the NSA is not to love the NSA (Zegart). Though we can ignore the bad things the NSA does, we can also choose to input ourselves into the issue to try and resolve it. To explain this a little better, Amy Zegart, a senior fellow for Hoover Institution and Freeman Spogli Institute of International Studies (Amy Zegart), and Marshall Erwin, a senior staff analyst at Mozilla (Marshall Erwin), have written an article called Bringing the NSA in from the cold: Americans need to be convinced the secret agency is working for their goodand that any privacy trade-offs are worth it. Summed up, it is basically letting us know that even if we do not agree with what the NSA is doing, we have to get over it. It says that we have misconceptions about the NSA. They made a poll for people to take to test their knowledge on the NSAs work. Out of the respondents of the poll, 43% could correctly identify James Clapper, the director of National Intelligence (Zegart). 74% could identify Miley Cyrus a s the person who twerked at the MTV Music Awards (Zegart). Common misconceptions by citizens are that the NSA keeps recordings of your phone calls and they read your emails. This source says that is simply not true and we are focused more on celebrities than we are with something that helps our country, as the reference to the poll above. Also, the more people know about the NSA doesnt mean they are going to favor their policies, and it says to know the NSA is not to love the NSA. The NSA is doing is worth it in the end, whether it is legal or not. Im going to backtrack to the first source I used. Our former president, Obama, has taken the first steps to solving the surveillance issues, but the government itself needs to take the rest of them. With this being said, Timothy Edgar states that we need to increase transparency within the intelligence community as the first step. With greater transparency, intelligence agencies can stay one step ahead of future leakers and earn back the trust of a skeptical public (Edgar). Global privacy should be their next step, while protecting other countries citizens with our safeguards. Partnering with our allies to increase transparency will, in long-term, help the U.S. When we help other countries solve their government problems, they can help us do the same; then it becomes less likely that our allies will turn on us. Updating our spying programs is also on the NSAs agenda. An example of these programs is one they call PRISM. The FISA Amendments Act of 2008 gives the NSA authority to use PRISM. That law allows the government to obtain secret court orders targeting communications that include foreign participants of interest to the NSA with the compelled assistance of U.S. companies (Edgar). Timothy realizes that allowing interception of ALL communications is not a good idea, therefore, reform on strong encryption is advisable to maintain security. He also says that Obama needs to listen to the experts of this field, He should reject any proposal to mandate backdoors in secure communications systems, and order national security agencies not to pressure companies to do so (Edgar). Since 2013, Obama has made attempts at reforming the system. He put in an order for surveillance reforms that are most certainly needed and theyve shown to be quite substantial. While all the things the NSA can be great, there are major disadvantages to having a surveillance agency. There is a few things that Edward Snowden taught us about the NSA and judging by these things, the NSA is useful, but the way they conduct their surveillance is controversial. These facts are from the article called 17 disturbing things Snowden has taught us (so far) written by Angus West, a journalist for PRI (Public Radio International). The government started collecting phone call data in 2001. The NSA then started using PRISM, the thing I mentioned earlier, to collect internet data from peoples devices. COMPLETE invasion of privacy. They used Boundless Informant to analyze all the metadata collected and they also used a global heat map to show where the most data was coming from. The US is hacking China! Of all countries, they choose the most populous one. The NSA also spied on European citizens. So now its not just China, but Europe too. Not a country, a whole continent this time. The NSA spied on Brazilians too! Before Obama got a chance for a one-on-one meeting with Dilma Rousseff, the President of Brazil, to discuss the spying of Dilma, more NSA disclosures were leaked. They revealed that the NSA had targeted Petrobras, which is Brazils oil company. Even Great Britain has their own surveillance agency. The Government Communications Headquarters, also known as the GCHQ; obtains real-time call readings from targeted people and read their emails without notice. The NSA can use information gathered from citizens up to 5 years without a warrant but only if the info is relevant to preventing national security threats and the persons identity has to stay anonymous. This might have created some problems. The NSA, their employees, and US private contractors have access to GCHQ databases because of the UKs help; so basically, we help the UK and the UK helps us with spying. There is a lot of information that Snowden has stored for the public that we dont know yet. Snowden said if anything happens to him, the rest of the files he has on the NSA will be leaked. We do know, however, that 38 embassies were hacked, including EU Embassy in Washington. The NSA keeps your contacts from emails. The NSA was spying on the US allies. The NSA is building a quantum computer to get through encryptions; remember, transparency. The NSA collects our text messages everyday. Finally, the NSA hacks your SIM cards; so basically your phones. Mass surveillance makes us far less likely to communicate openly with our friends and loved ones, and it chills participation in the marketplace of ideas (Gorski). Not communicating with others poses a threat to humanity, because communication is life. Without it, nothing would happen or get done. When you search something on the World Wide Web (WWW), you get caught in the NSAs fish trap. They look at your browsing history, what you look at, and who you talk to. How the NSAs Mass Internet Spying Poisons Society was written by Ashley Gorski, a staff attorney in the ACLUs National Security Project, and a graduate of Yale. She states in her article that if you have used the WWW, you are not free from surveillance. Though the NSA says they only look for terrorism before it strikes, they actually look at everything you do. it is copying and sifting through the contents of essentially everyones international communications (and even some domestic ones), looking for information about its targets. it does all of this without a warrant (Gorski). After gathering the information from peoples phones and computers, they use a selector to search keywords with what they are looking for specifically. If you happen to be doing a project that involved you conducting research on the president a nd ISIS, you can expect Secret Service to be at your door for you wanting to harm the president. The fourth amendment of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the United States, states that we are protected from unreasonable searches and seizures. The NSA going through our things looking for interesting data is a violation of the fourth amendment. According to Gorski, the government cant simply open all our letters to look for potentially interesting ones. Theres no question that this would violate the Constitution, and theres no reason to treat Americans private internet communications differently. Treating our freedoms like they are a joke is not okay, especially if it compromises privacy. The fourth amendment simply does not matter to the NSA, because they keep spying on us daily. the NSA conducts upstream surveillance under the purported authority of the FISA Amendments Act of 2008. the NSA can engage in certain warrantless surveillance of Americans who communicate with targets abroad. It also says that the NSA can target nearly any foreigner without suspicion of wrongdoing and without judicial review. The FISA Act of 2008 has not been changed, however, the people tried to change it. Section 702 authorizes the Intelligence Community to target the communications of non-U.S. persons located outside the United States for foreign intelligence purposes (FISA) of that act has expired. There was a recent vote earlier this year about changing the act. The results; the program will continue to spy despite the complaints of citizens and Snowdens leak. The US House of Representatives has approved a law allowing US spy agencies to continue intercepting Americans private communications (Surveillance). Now that this has been set for another few years, the House of Representatives have time to think about the things they share, text, and search, and if they like being spied upon. The NSA spying on us is also breaking the first amendment: freedom of expression and association. When we express our opinions online, it may be seen as a threat or something related to crime or terrorism, even if that was not the intention of it. They have taken away our trust from everyone. The Internet should provide a space in which we can read, write, and explore without fear of unwarranted government scrutiny (Gorski). Shes right; the internet is supposed to be a place to express our opinions, share things about our life, research things, and be ourselves. How can we do that if we cant trust where the information goes? The answer is simple: either dont care and continue on, or go off the grid. In conclusion, the NSA is useful to everyone in the sense of protecting us from terrorism, but it is only useful to the government in the sense of our privacy being invaded. Most things they do are not necessary. Such as: hacking other countries citizens as well as our own, keeping our contacts and text messages, and breaking our rights as citizens (Amendments one and four). Always make sure you know your rights and test the government if you feel they are being infringed. As far as the usefulness of the NSA, it can be described with a common template question we are all asked at some point in our lives: How useful do you find the NSA? Extremely useful Very useful Moderately useful Slightly useful Not useful at all Bibliography Amy Zegart. Hoover Institution, www.hoover.org/profiles/amy-zegart. Ashley Gorski. American Civil Liberties Union, Aclu, www.aclu.org/bio/ashley-gorski. Does Anyone Else Feel Like Their Being Watched? Like † Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Shar Comment Central Intelligence Agency CIA *Theyre St Like Reply | Politics Meme on SIZZLE. SIZZLE, onsizzle.com/i/does-anyone-else-feel-like-their-being-watched-like-18540048. Edgar, Timothy H. The Good News About Spying. Foreign Affairs, Foreign Affairs Magazine, 1 Oct. 2015, www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2015-04-13/good-news-about-spying. FISA Section 702. U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, intelligence.house.gov/fisa-702/. Gorski, Ashley. How the NSAs Mass Internet Spying Poisons Society. American Civil Liberties Union, Aclu, 24 Sept. 2015, www.aclu.org/blog/national-security/privacy-and-surveillance/how-nsas-mass-internet-spying-poisons-society. Marshall Erwin. Center for Internet and Society, 10 Jan. 2017, cyberlaw.stanford.edu/about/people/marshall-erwin. Surveillance Act? ¬? ¬ Passed despite Trump Abuse Tweet. BBC News, BBC, 11 Jan. 2018, www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-42656427. Timothy Edgar. 2018 Military-Discretionary-Spending | Costs of War, watson.brown.edu/people/fellow/edgar. West, Angus. 17 Disturbing Things Snowden Has Taught Us (so Far). Public Radio International, GlobalPost, 9 July 2013, 4:30pm, www.pri.org/stories/2013-07-09/17-disturbing-things-snowden-has-taught-us-so-far. Zegart, Amy B., and Marshall Erwin. Bringing the NSA in from the cold: Americans need to be convinced the secret agency is working for their goodand that any privacy trade-offs are worth it. Hoover Digest, no. 2, 2014, p. 63+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A373680579/OVIC?u=txshracd2487sid=OVICxid=cb6641b6. Accessed 23 Oct. 2018.

How Fast Can a Shark Swim

How fast can a shark swim? This question may pop into your mind as you calmly watch a shark video or more urgently as you are swimming or scuba diving and think you may have spotted a fin circling you. If you are fishing, you may wonder whether the shark will be able to outpace your boat. Sharks are built for bursts of speed as they attack their prey, much like lions and tigers on land. They need to be able to swim fast enough to pursue their prey for short distances, then make the lunge for the kill.  The speed of a shark also depends on the species. Smaller, streamlined species are capable of higher speeds than larger, bulkier sharks. Swimming Speed of the Average Shark The general rule of thumb is that sharks can cruise at about 5 mph (8 kph)—roughly the same speed as the fastest Olympic swimmer. If youre just a good swimmer, they have you beat. But often they are swimming around at a slower speed of about 1.5 mph (2.4 kph). These fish are predators. Sharks can swim much faster over short bursts when they are attacking prey. At these times, they can reach about 12 mph (20 kph), the speed of a running human on land. A person in the water facing a shark in serious attack mode has little chance of swimming fast enough to escape. Although shark attacks on humans receive great publicity, the reality is that we are not a preferred food for sharks. Most attacks occur when a swimmer either looks or smells like a common prey species. Swimmers in black wetsuits in water where seals are found may be at some risk, as are spearfish divers carrying speared fish. It is relatively rare for sharks to attack a swimming human being, and even in cases of massive shipwrecks, later analysis usually shows that when sharks feed on humans, it is usually after they are dead. Fastest Shark: The Shortfin Mako In a race among different types of  sharks, the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus)  would be the winner. It is the cheetah of ocean-going predators. This robust, streamlined shark is reported to have been clocked at 31 mph (50 kph), although some sources say it can reach speeds as high as 60 mph (96.5 kph). This is a shark known to chase and catch even faster fish, such as the sailfish and  swordfish, which can reach speeds more than 60 mph when leaping. The mako can also perform giant leaps of up to 20 feet (6 meters) out of the water. Researchers in New Zealand found that a young mako could accelerate from a dead stop to 100 feet (30.5 meters) in just two seconds, which puts its speed at more than 60 mph over that brief lunge.  Luckily, the mako is rarely encountered by swimmers and divers, as it normally lives far offshore. When it does encounter human beings, it rarely attacks. Some predatory fish species such as shortfin makos and great white sharks are able to conserve their metabolic heat in a manner unique to cold-blooded creatures. In essence, this means that they are not completely cold-blooded and can, therefore, generate the energy necessary for bursts of considerable speed. Species Swimming Speeds Here are some speeds of some common shark species: The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is thought to have a top swimming speed of 25 mph (40 kph), perhaps with short bursts of 35 mph (56 kph). Their swimming speed is 10 times faster than the typical human swimmer.The tiger shark (Galecerdo cuvier) achieves speeds of about 20 mph (32 kph).The blue shark (Prionace glauca) has been clocked at 24.5 mph (39.4 kph).The whale shark (Rhincodon typus), the largest of the sharks, is  a fairly gentle giant that cruises at about 3 mph (4.8 kph)  and is capable of short bursts of about 6 mph (9.7 kph). These creatures are harmless to humans, so if you encounter one of these in the water, its best to simply enjoy the rare experience.